Why won’t China rein in North Korea?

That’s the question on my mind, even if much of what I read addresses the less interesting question of why we know better and the Chinese are making a mistake.  The explanations for Beijing’s behavior are many and varied. From people who live closer than we do:

1. The South Asia Analysis Group (Subhash Kapila) suggests Pyonyang’s behavior “arises from a calibrated strategy operated in tandem with China’s increasing aggressiveness in East Asia”:

• China exploits North Korea as a strategic proxy against the U.S.;
  
• Washington responds timidly for fear of alienating China, hoping it may still emerge as a partner, even an ally;
  
• China is part of the problem, not part of the solution.

2. An Australian offers less dramatic explanations:

• Pyonyang has Beijing in a bind:  “North Korea may be a bad friend, but it would be a worse enemy”;
• Beijing doesn’t want the international community to get into the habit of asking it to rein in pariahs;
• China thinks its coaxing will work better in the long term than a more rigorous approach.

The Americans increasingly seem inclined to agree with 1) that China, by not objecting, is in fact enabling North Korean  misbehavior.

Beijing’s main concern is generally thought to be stability.  But why don’t they see North Korean behavior as threatening to stability?  Are they happy to see the Americans, Japanese and South Koreans discomforted?  Are they thinking that recent events will serve them well by hindering any moves towards reunification?

PS:  As luck would have it, Victor Cha Sunday morning (I posted on Saturday) has

an op/ed in the Washington Post this morning that addresses this question, putting the emphasis on stability:

But because they are the only ones helping the North, China’s leaders are afraid that such a move [cutting off oil supplies to North Korea] would collapse the regime and send millions of starving refugees flooding over its border. The Chinese have no easy way of determining how much pressure they should use, so they remain paralyzed, making ineffectual gestures

Paralysis may not last forever.

PPS:  Ed Joseph points out that this question was discussed Sunday on Fareed Zakharia’s GPS:  “China experts provided insights on just that question. Most intriguing theory: China fears a precedent and a non-Communist, unified Korea on its border, according to the expert.” You can watch the discussion, which starts just before minute 33, here.